. Dharma: Meaning and Contour, Varnāšramadharma, Purusārtha, Law of Karma 2. Indian Axiology: Mulya Mimansha (Neeti Mimansha, Saundarya Mimansha), Niti - Nyaya Vimarsh

The nature and scope of Bhagavadgita, The Importance of Bhagavadgita in Indian Culture. Pravrtti and nivrtti Gita as a PrasthanaTrayi; Relation between Upanishad and Gita b. Vishad Yoga and Shri Krishna’s Reply c. Samkhya Buddhi and Yoga Buddhi

The course covers critical discourse analysis, structuralism, post-structuralism, hermeneutics, and rhetorical analysis, providing students with tools to deconstruct texts, media, and everyday communication. Through close readings, discussions, and analytical exercises, participants will learn to critically assess how discourse operates in political, cultural, and ideological contexts.

By the end of the course, students will be equipped with a deep understanding of discourse as a dynamic force in shaping human knowledge and society, enabling them to apply these analytical frameworks to contemporary debates and global issues.


Foundations of Anvikshiki and Indian Epistemology: Concept of Anvikshiki, Anusandhan, Anveshan, Shodh, Objectives and need of Anvikshiki . The Concept of Siddhant, Niyam, Ways of Knowing in Indian tradition, Sadhan Sapeksh Shaili and Sadhan Nirpeksha Shaili, Pramana, Prtyaksha, Anuman, Upman, Shabd, Arthapatti, Anupalabdhi, Sambahv, Prama , Aprama

The period of Mahabharata: Textual and traditional sources, as well as modern data a. Calendars (samvat) of Yudhisthir, Krishna, and Vikram 2. The core story, and review of other versions (Indians and others)

MA Hindu Studies

Semester - II

Anvikshiki (Research Methods)

(Elective Course)

 Unit: 1

Foundations of Anvikshiki and Indian Epistemology: Concept of Anvikshiki, Anusandhan, Anveshan, Shodh,

Objectives and need of Anvikshiki. The Concept of Siddhant, Niyam, Ways of Knowing in Indian tradition,

Sadhan Sapeksh Shaili and Sadhan Nirpeksha Shaili, Pramana, Prtyaksha, Anuman, Upman, Shabd,

Arthapatti, Anupalabdhi, Sambahv, Prama, Aprama,

Unit: 2

Qualitative Research: Nature of qualitative research, Ethnography and participant observation in research,

Interview in qualitative research, Documents as source of data: personal diaries, letters, autobiographies,

official documents, hermeneutics, qualitative content analysis and semiotics Qualitative data analysis.

Integrating qualitative/ quantitative research.

Unit: 3

Selection of the Research Topic: Basic Considerations in Selection of Topic, Factor Affecting Topic

Selection, Methods of narrowing a Topic into a Research Question, Research ethics in Indian tradition

Unit: 4

Writing of Research Report Mode of Citation and Bibliography: Author- date System Footnote and Endnote

System, citing for the First Time, Subsequent citing, List of Abbreviation Used in Citation, Bibliographical

Entries, Indian citation tradition