Measurement and Controls System

UNIT-I 6 Introduction to measurement and measuring instruments, Generalized measuring system and functional elements, units of measurement, static and dynamic performance characteristics of measurement devices, calibration, concept of error, sources of error, statistical analysis of errors. Sensors and Transducers Types of sensors, types of transducers and their characteristics Signal transmission and processing Devices and systems, Signal Display & Recording Devices UNIT-II 6 Time related measurements Counters, stroboscope, frequency measurement by direct comparison, Measurement of displacement Measurement of pressure Gravitational, directing acting, elastic and indirect type pressure transducers Strain measurement Types of strain gauges and their working, strain gauge circuits, temperature compensation Measurements of force and torque Different types of load cells, elastic transducers, pneumatic& hydraulic systems Temperature measurement Thermometers, bimetallic thermocouples, thermistors and pyrometers UNIT-III 6 Standards of linear measurement, line and end standards. Limits, fits and tolerances. Interchangeability and standardization, Linear and angular measurements devices and systems Comparators: Sigma, Johansson‘s Microkrator, Limit gauges classification, Taylor‘s Principle of Gauge Design UNIT-IV Metrology-II Measurement of geometric forms like straightness, flatness, roundness, Tool makers microscope, profile project autocollimator, Principle and use of interferometry, optical flat, Measurement of screw threads and gears, Surface texture: quantitative evaluation of surface roughness and its measurement. Measurement and Inspection Dimensional inspection–Tolerance, Limit gauging, comparators, Surface roughness, Feature inspection UNIT-V 14 Input-output RelationshipLaplace transforms, Inverse Laplace transform. Block diagrams, Transfer functions, Signal flow graphs, state variable characterization of dynamic systems. Modeling of mechanical system elements, Error Analysis-anderror sensing devices in control systems. Stability Theory-Stability, Routh Hurwitz criterion, Nyquist criterion. Root locus techniques, Frequency Domain analysis-frequency domain analysis, Bode plot, M-circles and N-circles.